Measured

• Each course is the line I draw on the print, from the organiser's file where there is one and from race-day recordings where there is not. Its distance is measured along that line, which is always a little longer than the certified distance.
• Heights are of the ground under the line every 10 metres, from open elevation data. Some of that data reads rooftops as ground in big cities, so I take the lowest height within 300 metres, then average over 400 metres, and count a climb only once it passes 3 metres. The highest point uses a running median over 150 metres. Every height is rounded to the nearest 5 metres.
• Where the route crosses water on a bridge, I join the heights either side in a straight line. A course with a crossing longer than 800 metres has no heights here, because the ground under a long bridge says nothing about its deck.
• Some route files carry heights recorded on the day. Where those and the elevation data disagree by more than 50 metres and by more than half, I leave the climb out rather than pick one.
• A course is point to point when it finishes 2 km or more from its start. Laps, out and back and a loop are read from how much of the line is run twice, and in which direction.
• These are my measurements, not the organisers'. They rank only the races I sell, on the course each page shows. Measured on 2026-11-05.

Elevation: Terrain Tiles on the Registry of Open Data on AWS. ArcticDEM terrain data DEM(s) were created from DigitalGlobe, Inc., imagery and funded under National Science Foundation awards 1043681, 1559691, and 1542736; Australia terrain data © Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2017; Austria terrain data © offene Daten Österreichs, Digitales Geländemodell (DGM) Österreich; Canada terrain data contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence, Canada; Europe terrain data produced using Copernicus data and information funded by the European Union, EU-DEM layers; Global ETOPO1 terrain data U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Mexico terrain data source: INEGI, Continental relief, 2016; New Zealand terrain data Copyright 2011 Crown copyright (c) Land Information New Zealand and the New Zealand Government (All rights reserved); Norway terrain data © Kartverket; United Kingdom terrain data © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2015. All rights reserved; United States 3DEP (formerly NED) and global GMTED2010 and SRTM terrain data courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. Sources. Water and place names: © OpenStreetMap contributors, via OpenFreeMap.